French Magazine ‘Archaeological Files’ Dedicates Special Issue to Bulgaria’s Ancient Thracian Exhibit in The Louvre

The specialized French magazine for archaeology, “Dossiers d’Archéologie” (“Archaeological Files”) has dedicated a special issue to Bulgaria’s exhibition about Ancient Thrace which is on display in the Louvre Museum in Paris until July 20, 2015, reports the press service of Bulgaria’s Ministry of Culture.

The Louvre’s Bulgarian exhibition is entitled “Thracian Kings’ Epic. Archaeological Discoveries in Bulgaria” (also translated as “The Saga of the Thracian Kings”; in French: L’Épopée des rois thraces. Découvertes archéologiques en Bulgarie).

Similarly, the title of the special issue of “Dossiers d’Archéologie” dedicated to it is, “The Saga of the Thracian kings. Archaeological Splendor of Bulgaria” (“L’épopée des rois thraces. Splendeurs archéologiques de Bulgarie”).

Following is the list of the issue’s articles and their authors, renowned Bulgarian and French archaeologists and researchers, dedicated to the history and archaeology of Ancient Thrace and the Bulgarian exhibition in the Louvre:

From the Eternal Thrace to the History of Thrace – Alexandre Baralis

The Rural Landscape of Thrace – Alexandre Baralis, Tzvetana Popova

Shrines, Cults, and Sacrifices in the Thracian Lands – Milena Tonkova, Alexey Gotsev

The First Thracian Tombs – Georgi Nehrizov, Daniela Agre

Artisans and Traces: the Art of Metal – Milena Tonkova

The Coins between Greeks and Thracians – Olivier Picard

The Tombs of the Odrysian Aristocracy in the Northern Parts of the Plain of Thrace – Kostadin Kisyov

The Architecture of a Thracian Tomb in Tumulus – Diana Dimitrova

The Splendor of the Tombs of the Tundzha Valley, and the Rituals for the Afterlife – Diana Dimitrova

The Aristocratic Burial of an Odrysian Ruler. The Golyama Mogila Tumulus – Daniela Agre

Seuthopolis. The Hellenistic Capital of Seuthes III – Diana Dimitrova

The Rise of Monumental Architecture. The Tombs of Kazanlak and Starosel – Daniela Stoyanova

The Murals of the Thracian tombs – Yuliya Valeva

The Tomb of Mezek and the Celtic Influence – Totko Stoyanov

The Greeks and Thrace, Intense Trade Relations – Zosia Archibald

Greek Luxury Goods and Their Movement in Thrace – Milena Tonkova, Anelia Bozkova

A Dorian Colony on the Black Sea: Mesembria Pontica – Anelia Bozkova, Petya Kiyashkina

The Greek Colonies on the Fringes of Thrace. The Territory of Apollonia – Alexandre Baralis, Krastina Panayotova

Alexandre Degrand, French Consul and Archaeologist – Néguine Mathieux

The preface of the special issue of “Dossiers d’Archéologie” (“Archaeological Files”) points out that the magazine editors have striven to offer their readers a historical but dynamic overview of Ancient Thrace while also revealing the latest achievements of modern-day Bulgarian archaeology and history in the study of the Thracians.

It notes that the catalog of the exhibition features the contributions of more than 40 archaeologists, historians, and researchers, and is the first edition of its kind in France that provides a comprehensive overview of the Bulgarian archaeological and historical research on Ancient Thrace.

The magazine also notifies its readers that a special scientific conference is to take place in the Louvre in June 2015 as part of the Bulgarian exhibit in which Bulgarian and French archaeologists and historians will present the latest research into the clothing, decorations, and armaments of the Ancient Thracians.

Note: The special issue of “Archaeological Files” dedicated to Bulgaria’s Ancient Thracian exhibition in the Louvre was the French magazine’s March/April 2015 issue; however, it was reported by the press service of the Bulgarian Ministry of Culture only on June 15, 2015… We have decided to publish the story about it regardless of the delay because of its worthy and timeless topic.

The exhibition “Thracian Kings’ Epic. Archaeological Discoveries in Bulgaria” (whose original working title was “Ancient Thrace. The Odrysian Kingdom”) showcases the most impressive treasures of Ancient Thrace, and the way of life of the little known internationally Odrysian Kingdom, the most powerful state of the Ancient Thracians, and some of the independent Thracian tribes such as the Getae (Gets) and the Tribali.

A total of 1,629 Ancient Thracian artifacts from 17 Bulgarian and 11 foreign museums will be exhibited in four halls in the Richelieu Wing of the Louvre from April 14 until July 20, 2015.

It has been announced that museums in Croatia, Morocco, Romania, Russia, and the UK have already approached the Bulgarian authorities with inquiries about hosting the exhibition “Thracian Kings’ Epic. Archaeological Discoveries in Bulgaria”.

The artifacts from Ancient Thrace were shipped from Bulgaria to France by plane under utmost security measures on March 23, 2015.

The Odrysian Kingdom, a union of Thracian tribes dominated by the tribe of the Odrysians (also known as Odrysea or Odrusai), was the most powerful state of the Ancient Thracians. It existed from the 5th century BC till its conquest by the Romans in 46 AD on the territory of modern-day Bulgaria, Northern Greece, Southeastern Romania, and Northwestern Turkey.

The treasures displayed in the Louvre include the Panagyurishte Gold Treasure, the Rogozen Treasure (gold and silver), the Borovo Silver Treasure, the Letnitsa Treasure (silver and bronze), the Mogilanska Mound Treasure (also known as the Vratsa Gold Treasure), the Zlatinitsa Mound Treasure (gold and silver), and the bronze head of Seuthes III, king of the Odrysian Thracian Kingdom between ca. 331 BC to ca. 300 BC.

They have been insured for a total of EUR 165 million for the duration of the exhibition in the Louvre where they will be seen by about 4 million people, according to estimates by French experts. The bronze head of Odrysian King Seuthes III has been insured for EUR 13 million while the most precious threasure in the exhibit, the Panaguyrishte Gold Treasure, has been insured for EUR 50 million.

The catalog for the exhibition “Thracian Kings’ Epic. Archaeological Discoveries in Bulgaria” has 320 pages and contains 250 photos, and articles by Bulgarian and international scholars.

The preparation for Bulgaria’s Thracian exhibition in the Louvre started back in 2012 after then and current Bulgarian Minister of Culture Vezhdi Rashidov signed a five-year cooperation agreement with the Louvre.

The scientific concept and the selection of the exhibition items are the work of three French and two Bulgarian experts:

Jean-Luc Martinez, President-Director of the Louvre Museum, and head curator of the Ancient Thrace exhibit;

Prof. Dr. Totko Stoyanov from Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”;

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Milena Tonkova, head of the Thracian Archaeology Department at the National Institute and Museum of Archaeology of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences;

Dr. Alexandre Baralis from the Louvre Department of Ancient Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities;

Dr. Néguine Mathieux, division head in the Scientific Research and Collections Directorate of the Louvre.

List of the 17 Bulgarian Museums That Have Contributed Items to the Louvre exhibit of Ancient Thrace (Facebook pages are linked for those museums without active websites):

National Museum of History in Sofia

National Institute and Museum of Archaeology of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Sofia

Plovdiv Museum of Archaeology

Varna Museum of Archaeology (Varna Regional Museum of History)

Burgas Regional Museum of History

Ruse Regional Museum of History

Shumen Regional Museum of History

Vratsa Regional Museum of History

Lovech Regional Museum of History (Facebook Page)

Haskovo Regional Museum of History

Kazanlak Museum of History “Iskra”

Ancient Nessebar Museum

Septemvri Museum of Archaeology

Sozopol Museum Center (Sozopol Museum of Archaeology – Facebook Page)

Isperih Museum of History

Karnobat Museum of History (on the Municipal Administration’s website)

Strelcha Museum of History (on the Municipal Administration’s website)

The Ancient Thrace exhibition in Paris also features a number of Ancient Thrace-related items from 11 foreign museums – including 20 items from the Louvre, as well as items from the British Museum in London, the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen, the Prado Museum in Madrid, the Naples National Archaeological Museum, and the Bari Archaeological Museum, among others.

Background Infonotes:

The Ancient Thracians were an ethno-cultural group of Indo-European tribes inhabiting much of Southeast Europe from about the middle of the second millennium BC to about the 6^th century AD on the territory of modern-day Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Greece, Turkey, Macedonia, Serbia.

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The Odrysian Kingdom is a union of Thracian tribes dominated by the tribe of the Odrysians (also known as Odrysea or Odrusai bearing the name of a mythical ruler, Odryses or Odrisis, (ca. 715 – ca. 650 AD), was the most powerful state of the Ancient Thracians. It existed from the unification of many Thracian tribes by a single ruler, King Teres, in the 5th century BC till its conquest by the Romans in 46 AD on the territory of most of modern-day Bulgaria, Northern Greece, Southeastern Romania, and Northwestern Turkey.

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The Getae or Gets were Thracian tribes inhabiting the regions on both sides of the Lower Danube in today’s Northern Bulgaria and Southern Romania.

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The Triballi were a Thracian tribe inhabiting the region of modern-day Western Bulgaria and Southern Serbia.

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King Teres I (r. ca. 475 – ca. 445 BC) was the first king of the Odrysian Kingdom uniting about 40 Thracian tribes. He was succeeded consecutively by his sons, Sparatocos (r. ca. 445-ca. 431 BC) and Sitalces (r. ca. 431 – ca. 424 BC).

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King Seuthes III was a king of the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace from ca. 331 BC to ca. 300 BC, at first tributary to Alexander the Great of Macedon. In 2004, as part an expedition dubbed TEMP, late Bulgarian archaeologist Georgi Kitov discovered Seuthes III’s tomb on the Golyama Kosmatka Mound near his capital Seuthopolis (close to today’s towns of Kazanlak and Shipka), part of the Valley of Thracian Kings. The impressive finds included the famous lifelike bronze head of Seuthes III, his golden laurel wreath, golden kylix (ancient drinking cup), among others.

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The Panagyurishte Treasure, also known as the Panagyurishte Gold Treasure, was found in 1949 by three brothers – Pavel, Petko and Michail Deikovi, who worked together at the region of Merul tile factory near the town of Panagyurishte, Bulgaria. It consists of a phial, an amphora and seven rhyta with total weight of 6.164 kg of 23-karat gold. All of the objects are richly and skilfully decorated with scenes from Thracian mythology, customs and life. It is dated to the 4th-3rd centuries BC, and is thought to have been used as a royal ceremonial set by the Thracian king Seuthes III.

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The Rogozen Treasure was discovered by chance in 1985 by a tractor driver digging a well in his garden in the Bulgarian village of Rogozen. It consists of 165 receptacles, including 108 phiales, 55 jugs and 3 goblets. The objects are silver with golden gilt on some of them with total weight of more than 20 kg. The treasure is an invaluable source of information for the life of the Thracians due to the variety of motifs in the richly decorated objects. It is dated back to the 5th-4th centuries B.C.

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The Borovo Treasure, also known as the Borovo Silver Treasure, consists of five silver-gilt decorated vessels found in 1974 while ploughing a field in Borovo, Northeastern Bulgaria. The set has a bowl, a rhyta jug, and three rhyta, the largest of them with a figure of a sphynx and an inscription reading: “[Belongs to] Cotys from [the town of] Beos.”, as well as the name of the craftsman, Etbeos, leading to speculations that the treasure may have been a gift to a local Getic ruler from Odrysian King Cotys I (r. 382-359 BC).

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The Letnitsa Treasure is dated back to the 4^th century BC. It was found by accident in 1963 during a dig near the town of Letnitsa in Central Bulgaria in a bronze vessel. It consists of a large number of small decorated silver items as well as a Thracian warrior’s decorated horse ammunition found nearby.

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The Mogilanska Mound Treasure, also known as the Vratsa Gold Treasure, was found during excavations of a mound (which turned out to hold three tombs) in the downtown of Northwestern Bulgarian city of Vratsa in 1965-1966. The treasure found with the skeletons of people and horses, and chariots, consists of a golden crown of laurels, 47 gold appliqués, 2 golden earrings, 4 silver phialai, a silver jug, a rhyton-shaped amphora, and 50 clay figures. The Mogilanska Mound is believed to be a royal tomb connected with the dynasty of the Tribali tribe.

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The Zlatinitsa Mound Treasure consists of a golden wreath with appliqués, a seal ring, a greave, and two silver rhyta. It was found in 2005 near the town of Zlatinitsa in Southeastern Bulgaria by the team of archaeologist Daniela Agre in the tomb of a Thracian ruler dated back to the middle of 4^th century BC.

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The Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari is located near the town of Sveshtari, Northeastern Bulgaria. It is a Getic tomb with unique caryatids and murals dating back to the 3^rd century BC, and was found in 1982. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

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The Sboryanovo Archaeological Complex is an archaeological preserve located near the town of Sveshtari including over 140 archaeological and cultural monuments – from prehistoric and Thracian necropolises to medieval and modern-day Christian and Muslim shrines. It includes the Sveshtari Tomb and the ruins of the Ancient Thracian city of Helis, capital of the Getae. In October 2014, Bulgarian archaeologist Diana Gergova discovered a rich necropolis of a Getic ruler (including more than 180 gold items) during excavations at the Sboryanovo Archaeological Complex.